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Ocular toxoplasmosis

MedGen UID:
21599
Concept ID:
C0040561
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Ocular Toxoplasmoses; Ocular Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmoses, Ocular; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular
SNOMED CT: Ocular toxoplasmosis (416481006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005879

Definition

Ocular toxoplasmosis is an infection in the eye caused by the parasite, Toxoplasm a gondii. Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of eye inflammation in the world. Toxoplamosis can beacquired or present at birth (congenital), having crossed the placenta from a newly infected mother to her fetus. Most humans acquire toxoplasmosis by eating raw or undercooked meat, vegetables or milk products, or by coming into contact with infected cat litterbox or sandboxes.In humans,the infectionusually causes no symptoms, and resolves without treatment in a few months. In individuals with compromised immune systems, Toxoplasm a gondii can reactivate to cause disease. Reactivation of a congenital infection was traditionally thought to be the most common cause ofocular toxoplasmosis, but an acquired infection is now considered to be more common. A toxoplasmosis infection that affects the eye usually attacks the retina andinitially resolves without symptoms. However,the inactive parasite maylaterreactivate causing eyepain, blurred vision, and possibly permanent damage, including blindness. Although most cases of toxoplasmosis resolve on their own,for some,inflammation can be treated with antibiotics and steroids. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVOcular toxoplasmosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Yogeswaran K, Furtado JM, Bodaghi B, Matthews JM; International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group, Smith JR
Br J Ophthalmol 2023 Jul;107(7):973-979. Epub 2022 Feb 23 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2022-321091. PMID: 35197262
Testi I, Mahajan S, Agrawal R, Agarwal A, Marchese A, Curi A, Khairallah M, Leo YS, Nguyen QD, Gupta V
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 Oct 2;28(7):1099-1108. Epub 2020 Mar 12 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1727533. PMID: 32162992
Schallhorn JM, Gonzales J
J AAPOS 2013 Oct;17(5):454-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.08.001. PMID: 24160961

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Goh EJH, Putera I, La Distia Nora R, Mahendradas P, Biswas J, Chee SP, Testi I, Pavesio CE, Curi ALL, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Arora A, Gupta V, de-la-Torre A, Agrawal R
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023 Sep;31(7):1342-1361. Epub 2022 Sep 12 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2117705. PMID: 36095008
Nsiangani-Lusambo N, Reyes-Guanes J, Uribe-Reina P, Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D, Mumba Ngoyi D, de-la-Torre A
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022 Feb 17;30(2):342-347. Epub 2020 Sep 25 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1801761. PMID: 32976046
Beder D, Esenkaya Taşbent F
Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2020 Jun 2;44(2):94-101. doi: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2020.6634. PMID: 32482042
Desmettre T
J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Mar;43(3):e89-e93. Epub 2020 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.01.001. PMID: 31980266
Garweg JG
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2016 Apr;233(4):534-9. Epub 2016 Apr 26 doi: 10.1055/s-0041-111821. PMID: 27116531

Diagnosis

Goh EJH, Putera I, La Distia Nora R, Mahendradas P, Biswas J, Chee SP, Testi I, Pavesio CE, Curi ALL, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Arora A, Gupta V, de-la-Torre A, Agrawal R
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023 Sep;31(7):1342-1361. Epub 2022 Sep 12 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2117705. PMID: 36095008
Kalogeropoulos D, Sakkas H, Mohammed B, Vartholomatos G, Malamos K, Sreekantam S, Kanavaros P, Kalogeropoulos C
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Jan;42(1):295-321. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-01994-9. PMID: 34370174Free PMC Article
Smith JR, Ashander LM, Arruda SL, Cordeiro CA, Lie S, Rochet E, Belfort R Jr, Furtado JM
Prog Retin Eye Res 2021 Mar;81:100882. Epub 2020 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100882. PMID: 32717377
Cunningham ET Jr, Belfort R Jr, Muccioli C, Arevalo JF, Zierhut M
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2015 Jun;23(3):191-3. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1051360. PMID: 26066570
Saadatnia G, Golkar M
Scand J Infect Dis 2012 Nov;44(11):805-14. Epub 2012 Jul 25 doi: 10.3109/00365548.2012.693197. PMID: 22831461

Therapy

Brandão-de-Resende C, Balasundaram MB, Narain S, Mahendradas P, Vasconcelos-Santos DV
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 Nov 16;28(8):1196-1204. Epub 2020 Mar 11 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1737142. PMID: 32160073
Jasper S, Vedula SS, John SS, Horo S, Sepah YJ, Nguyen QD
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Jan 26;1(1):CD007417. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007417.pub3. PMID: 28125765Free PMC Article
Garweg JG
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2016 Apr;233(4):534-9. Epub 2016 Apr 26 doi: 10.1055/s-0041-111821. PMID: 27116531
de-la-Torre A, Stanford M, Curi A, Jaffe GJ, Gomez-Marin JE
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2011 Oct;19(5):314-20. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2011.608915. PMID: 21970662
Hogan MJ
Trans Pac Coast Otoophthalmol Soc Annu Meet 1969;50:1-21. PMID: 4924569

Prognosis

Kalogeropoulos D, Kalogeropoulos C, Sakkas H, Mohammed B, Vartholomatos G, Malamos K, Sreekantam S, Kanavaros P, de-la-Torre A
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022 Apr 3;30(3):560-569. Epub 2021 Jul 9 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1922706. PMID: 34242103
Desmettre T
J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Mar;43(3):e89-e93. Epub 2020 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.01.001. PMID: 31980266
Padhi TR, Das S, Sharma S, Rath S, Rath S, Tripathy D, Panda KG, Basu S, Besirli CG
Surv Ophthalmol 2017 Mar-Apr;62(2):161-189. Epub 2016 Oct 6 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.09.005. PMID: 27720858
Petersen E, Kijlstra A, Stanford M
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012 Apr;20(2):68-75. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2012.661115. PMID: 22409558
Bonfioli AA, Curi AL, Orefice F
Semin Ophthalmol 2005 Jul-Sep;20(3):143-6. doi: 10.1080/08820530500231995. PMID: 16282147

Clinical prediction guides

Melo LA, Paiva MRB, Fernandes-Cunha GM, Silva-Cunha A, Mol MPG, Fialho SL
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023;56:e05522022. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0552-2022. PMID: 37222350Free PMC Article
Desmettre T
J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Mar;43(3):e89-e93. Epub 2020 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.01.001. PMID: 31980266
Butler NJ, Furtado JM, Winthrop KL, Smith JR
Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013 Jan-Feb;41(1):95-108. Epub 2012 Sep 17 doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02838.x. PMID: 22712598Free PMC Article
Modrzejewska M, Lachowicz E, Karczewicz D, Zdanowska A
Klin Oczna 2011;113(10-12):352-6. PMID: 22384654
de-la-Torre A, Stanford M, Curi A, Jaffe GJ, Gomez-Marin JE
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2011 Oct;19(5):314-20. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2011.608915. PMID: 21970662

Recent systematic reviews

Kantzanou M, Kostares E, Kostare G, Boufidou F, Tzanai A, Kostares M, Tsakris A
Future Microbiol 2024;19(6):525-534. Epub 2024 Mar 20 doi: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0215. PMID: 38507297Free PMC Article
Melo LA, Paiva MRB, Fernandes-Cunha GM, Silva-Cunha A, Mol MPG, Fialho SL
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023;56:e05522022. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0552-2022. PMID: 37222350Free PMC Article
Cifuentes-González C, Rojas-Carabali W, Pérez ÁO, Carvalho É, Valenzuela F, Miguel-Escuder L, Ormaechea MS, Heredia M, Baquero-Ospina P, Adan A, Curi A, Schlaen A, Urzua CA, Couto C, Arellanes L, de-la-Torre A
PLoS One 2023;18(4):e0283845. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283845. PMID: 37011101Free PMC Article
Feliciano-Alfonso JE, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Marín-Noriega MA, Vargas-Villanueva A, Triviño-Blanco L, Carvajal-Saiz N, de-la-Torre A
Syst Rev 2021 Jul 19;10(1):206. doi: 10.1186/s13643-021-01758-7. PMID: 34275483Free PMC Article
Jasper S, Vedula SS, John SS, Horo S, Sepah YJ, Nguyen QD
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Jan 26;1(1):CD007417. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007417.pub3. PMID: 28125765Free PMC Article

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